【 前言】
看各种各样的短波天线有段时间了,虽然也准备好了6米长玻璃钢钓鱼竿、线材,但却始终懒得动手,似乎计算机让我变得更懒了,现在每每搞什么哪怕想了很久的东西之前却总是懒得动手...
又在网上闲逛,看到一个帖子,简单描述了一根不到2美元的便携式螺旋20米波段的短波天线(http://www.hellocq.net/forum/showthread.php?t=167060&page=1&pp=30),简单易行,对HAM们的确有着巨大的吸引力,中间只是简单地描述了几个关键材料,讨论很多,看到作者呼号,于是我去搜索到了原文...
昨晚闲来无事,反正也想完整地弄清楚,干脆一时兴起,想到完整翻译一片文章看看。哈哈,这个主意让我自己也觉得很是开心,以前从来没有做过这样的事情,也算一种新事物的尝试。
也遇到一些问题,如有些单词怎么翻(像 junkbox 一词,我最后翻译成“杂物箱”)、句子的理解和表达有些不确定(像“This was created as a fun project to ...”)等,如果是自己看,当然懒得去管它,看个八九不离十也就可以了,或者根本明白这个意思就可以了,根本不像翻译这样要尊重原文、符合汉语的表达、又让人能够清楚地明白,所以我的译文中必定存在一些问题的,请大家不必计较。
另外,搜索作者时,竟然发现是位女HAM,真是非常难得(参见:http://www.qsl.net/ah6rh/freq.html)...

一方面这是给自己看得,另一方面如果本文对HAM有所帮助,也不失为一件乐事...
【 原文 】
(地址:http://aditl.com/ham/helical-antenna/index.html)
A Two Dollar Helical HF Portable Antenna
Here’s an easily transportable vertical antenna for 20 meters collapsible to 4 feet that costs about $2.00 to make.
This was created as a fun project to demonstrate how to enjoy operating HF in the field with a home-made portable antenna without spending a ton of money.
Bev AH6NF (YL) made this antenna, tuned and ready to operate in less than one hour.
The design is a continuously loaded, helically wound vertical antenna with a three-foot stinger. The stinger folds along the four-foot mast for storage. Here’s how to make one.
Materials:
1. four feet of 1/2 inch white PVC water pipe (10 ft @ $1.29 = 4 feet for 52 cents)
2. 30 feet of 14 gauge insulated electrical house wiring (2.7 cents per foot = 30 feet for 84 cents)
3. 3/32 inch diameter brass brazing rod, 3 feet long ($8.00 per dozen = 67 cents each)
4. misc. junkbox stuff
number 8 screw 1-1/2 inch long
number 8 nut
two small washers
optional disconnect
optional ring lug
any junk wire 15 feet long for counterpoise
Total cost = $2.00
Steps:
1. Cut 4 foot length of plastic pipe
2. Drill 3/32 hole through pipe 2 inches from one end (this is the bottom)
3. Drill 3/32 holes through pipe 2 and 3 inches from the other end (this is the top)
4. Push wire through the hole 3 inches from the top extending about 2 inches from the other side
5. Wrap the remainder of the wire, coiling it tightly around pipe toward the bottom
6. Push other end of the wire through the hole at the bottom extending about 2 inches
7. You now have a helical winding on a plastic pipe
8. Strip 1/2 inch from the top end of the wire and wrap it around the screw
9. Insert screw in the top end hole 2 inches from end, extending out the other side (photo-1 / 45KB)
10. Insert washer over screw
11. Form. an eye on the end of the brass rod and place it over the screw
12. Insert second washer over screw
13. Insert nut onto screw and tighten until very snug (photo-2 / 61KB)
14. The brass rod should swivel from parallel to the winding to the stinger position
15. Make a small loop at the end of the brass rod as eye protection (photo-3 / 17KB)
16. If desired, attach a disconnect to the bottom wire (photo-4 / 48KB)
17. Attach a coax to the bottom wire
18. Add counterpoise / radials of any spare wire from junkbox – preferably 15 feet long (1/4 wave) to ground connection of coax
19. Mount on something vertical, extend counterpoise wire on ground
20. Connect coax to antenna analyzer or HF rig
21. Tune to desired 20 meter band
22. If on HF rig, use LOW POWER CW setting
23. Key and check SWR – expand and/or contract winding to get desired minimum SWR
24. If desired, tape winding in place after tuning.
25. That’s it ... enjoy
26. Photo of completed antenna with stinger folded for storage(photo-5 / 54KB)
ha-top2.jpg
top screw connection

ha-top1.jpg
stinger attachment

ha-tip4.jpg
eye protection

ha-bottom3.jpg
optional disconnect at bottom

ha-folded5.jpg
antenna with stinger folded

Bev AH6NF and Jim WH6GS , HF Day, Sept 2001
【 译文 】
一根2美元便携式螺旋短波天线
这是根便于运输的20M波段、收起后4英尺长、只需2美元费用来制作的直立天线。
这是一个有趣的创造性项目,它验证了如何用一根在家就能制作的、而不需要花去很多金钱的天线来就地投入短波通联。
Bev AH6NF(YL)制作这根天线,调试并投入使用不到一小时。
这个设计是一个有着3英尺振子的连续加载、螺旋绕组垂直天线。振子折叠后长4英尺一便于储藏。下面是如何制作一根。
原料表:
1. 4英尺(译者注:122cm)长的1/2英寸(译者注:12.7mm)直径的白色PVC自来水管($1.29/10ft=52美分4英尺)
2. 30英尺(译者注:9.144m)14规格的家用绝缘电线(2.7美分/ft=84美分30英尺)
3. 3/32英寸(译者注:2.38mm)直径、3英尺(译者注:91.44cm)长的铜焊条($8/00/打=67美分一条)
4. 散乱的,杂物箱里的东西
1-1/2英寸长的8号螺杆
8号螺母
两个小垫片
任意的连接器
任意的圆圈连接片
15英尺任意廉价的电线用于地网
总花费=2美元
步骤:
1. 锯4英尺长的塑料管
2. 在离一端2英寸(译者注:50.8mm)的位置钻3/32(译者注:2.38mm)的孔(作为底端)
3. 在离一端2英寸(译者注:50.8mm)和3 英寸(译者注:76.2mm)的位置钻3/32(2.38mm)的孔(作为顶端)
4. 将电线穿过3英寸(译者注:76.2mm)处的孔并拉到2英寸(译者注:50.8mm)的孔所在位置
5. 顺着管子向下将剩下的电线缠绕在管子上
6. 将电线穿过另一头穿过管子底端的孔并留大概2英寸长
7. 你现在有了一根缠绕于塑料管上的螺旋型线圈了
8. 剥去1/2英寸(译者注:12.7mm)从顶端开始的电线,并且将电线绕在螺杆上
9. 将螺杆插入离顶端2英寸的那个孔,直到另外一边(图片ha-top2.jpg)
10. 在螺杆上垫上垫圈
11. 在铜丝上弯一个小圈并安装到螺杆上
12. 在螺杆上垫上第二个垫圈
13. 在螺杆上旋上螺帽直到很紧(图片ha-top1.jpg)
14. 铜丝应该能够旋转到激励线圈的位置
15. 在一头弯一个小的环形用作于类似眼睛保护之用(图片ha-tip4.jpg)
16. 如果需要,做一个连接器在底端的电线上(图片ha-bottom3.jpg)
17. 将底端的电线连接到同轴电缆
18. 增加地网,随便从杂物箱中找一根15英尺(译者注:4.572m)长(1/4波长)的廉价电线连接到同轴线缆的接地层
19. 树立起天线,将地网拉在地上
20. 将同轴电缆连接到天线分析仪或者短波设备
21. 调整到预期的20米波段
22. 如果在短波设备上调试,使用低功率的CW
23. 按下按键并检查SWR – 扩展或压缩螺旋部分直到期望的低的SWR
24. 如果需要,用胶带粘住调整后螺旋部分
25. 这就是这根天线了,享受它吧
26. 已经完成的振子收起的天线的照片(图片ha-folded5.jpg)
Bev AH6NF and Jim WH6GS , HF Day, Sept 2001
增加一个电缆规格表(参考文档:http://www.yafeicable.com/zb2.asp)
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